Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have emerged as a contentious topic due to their rising popularity among adolescents and young adults, alongside growing concerns regarding their health implications. This review synthesizes current literature on various dimensions of e-cigarette use, encompassing initiation and progression among youth, respiratory complications, mental health implications, effects on fertility, and their role in smoking cessation. Research indicates a significant rate of e-cigarette initiation among adolescents, influenced by demographic factors such as age, cohabitation with tobacco users, and predisposing psychosocial traits including sensation-seeking behavior and externalizing mental health issues. Respiratory health concerns associated with e-cigarettes include notable cases of EVALI, characterized by severe lung injuries linked to certain e-liquid additives. Aerosols from e-cigarettes are implicated in impairing lung function, disrupting mucociliary clearance, and compromising immune responses, thereby heightening susceptibility to respiratory infections. Furthermore, e-cigarette use is associated with elevated levels of depressive symptoms and anxiety among adolescents, though longitudinal studies indicate complex bidirectional relationships necessitating further investigation. In terms of fertility, studies highlight potential adverse effects on male reproductive health, including disruptions in testicular morphology, decreased sperm counts, and altered hormone levels. While e-cigarettes offer a potential harm reduction strategy for adult smokers, their increasing prevalence among youth and potential health risks underscore the imperative for continued research and regulatory oversight to mitigate adverse respiratory, mental health, and reproductive outcomes, as well as to clarify their role in smoking cessation efforts. With the increase in smoking-related excise rates (CHT) in early 2020, an increasing percentage of traditional smokers switched to e-cigarettes. Since the e-cigarettes are comprised of up of a mixture of water, propylene glycol, flavor enhancers, tobacco aroma, and other substances that are not found in conventional cigarettes, like tar or other substances that are toxic, the initial goal of e-cigarettes was to aid tobacco smokers in gradually stopping [1].