Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Salmonella enterica Serovar typhi Isolated from Human Clinical Samples in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Uchenna Ogbu Nwosu
Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, P.M.B. 53, Nigeria.
Francis Amadi Ibiam
Department of Otorhinlaryngology (ENT), Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Christiana Onyemaechi Amadi-Ibiam
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, P.M.B. 211, Nigeria.
Ugonna Cassandra Aniokete
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, David Umahi Federal University of Health Science, Uburu, Ebonyi State, P.M.B. 53, Nigeria.
Chidinma Stacy Iroha
Department of Pharmacy, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, P. M. B. 102, Nigeria.
Ikemesit Udeme Peter *
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Technology and Engineering, Federal College of Dental Technology and Therapy, Trans-Ekulu, P.M.B. 01473, Enugu, Nigeria.
Ifeanyichukwu Romanus Iroha
Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, P.M.B. 53, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The emergence of resistance to the frequently used antibiotics for empirical treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is increasing. This study was designed to determine the antimicrobial Resistance profile of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolated from human clinical samples in Ebonyi State. A non-duplicated stool culture of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi of patients diagnosed with typhoid fever at General Hospital Onicha Igboeze were collected from the hospital ward namely: A & E (n = 4), MS (n = 3), FS (n = 3), PD (n = 7), LW (n = 4), ORT (n = 1), LAB (n = 17), THE (n = 9), GOPD (n = 4), MM (n = 3). Antimicrobial studies of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi were determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. The proportion of resistance ranges from 33 %-100% against colistin, cefepime, nalidixic acid, cefoxitin, amikacin, cefuroxime, and piperacillin-tazobactam but the isolates were only susceptible to meropenem 100%. The use of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi infection should be guided with antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Nonetheless, the diversity of the Salmonella isolates as a result of the dissemination of these resistance genes call for concern and emphasizes a need for an extensive investigation for the presence of these genes in Ebonyi State as well as the implementation of strict antimicrobial policies in a bid to restrict the spread of these resistance genes and prevent the emergence of new resistant strains.
Keywords: Salmonella typhi, antimicrobial resistance, human clinical, typhoid fever