The Impact of Delayed Separation of Plasma and Serum Sample on Glucose Parameter of Apparently Healthy Students of Federal School of Medical Laboratory Technology (Science), Jos, Nigeria
Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 25, Issue 1,
Page 23-30
DOI:
10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i1595
Abstract
Background: Estimation of glucose is very important in clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. The core aim of clinical laboratory service is to produce accurate, precise and reliable test results. The ability of laboratories to do this lies in the availability of well trained personnel, equipment, electricity etc. There has been a progressive increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Nigeria and the burden is expected to increase even further and the need for proper diagnosis cannot be overemphasized.
Aim: In this study we have tried to evaluate the impact of delayed separation of plasma and serum from cells and clot on glucose level.
Method: A total of fifty (50) randomly selected apparently healthy students of Federal School of Medical Laboratory Technology (Science), Jos were recruited as subject into this study. Blood samples were collected from each of the subjects into plain and anticoagulant bottles for serum and plasma respectively. An aliquot was analyzed within 10 minutes to obtain a baseline value where other values after timely delays were compared. The samples were spun but not separated from the cells/clot all through the period of the analysis. Blood glucose was determined by glucose Oxidase Colourimetric assay kit obtained from Randox Laboratories Limited United Kingdom. Data were analyzed using student’s t-test and performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.
Results: Result obtained shows the mean and standard deviation of all timing for plasma and serum. In plasma it shows that the means±SD of 2, 4 and 24hours (5.2±0.7, 5.1±0.4 and 5.3±0.5 respectively) were not significantly varied when compared to the baseline (0 hour) value (5.3±0.5). That of baseline and 24 hours (5.3±0.5 and5.3±0.5 respectively) were significantly higher (P<0.001) than that of 48 and 74 hours (1.0±0.20 and 7±0.2 respectively). In serum, similar results were obtained.
Conclusion: In conclusion, where possible, it is advised that the established best practices in processing and analysis of samples be adhered to. However, the results of this work shows reasonably stable results for blood glucose determination could be obtained within 24 hours. Therefore, instead of discarding the sample, it might seem more appropriate that the sample be analyzed and the result reported indicating the number of hours delayed within 24hours.
- Preanalytical error
- blood glucose
- diabetes mellitus
- hyperglycemia
- delayed sample separation
How to Cite
References
Bishop ML, Fordy PE, Schoeff EL. Clinical chemistry techniques, principles, correlations. 6th (ed). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 351 West Camden Street Baltimore. 2010:309-327.
Peoples gazette. Skilled health worker migration is a lesson Nigeria must learn.
Available:https://gazettengr.com/anna-suberu-skilled-health-worker-migration-is-a-lesson-nigeria-must-learn/.
Access on 13 February 2023
The guardian. Equip Nigerian hospitals like UK’s. Available:https://guardian.ng/opinion/equip-nigerian-hospitals-like-uks/. Access on 13 February 2023
Adeleye JO. The hazardous terrain of diabetes mellitus in Nigeria: The time for action is now. Research Journal of Health Sciences. 2021;9(1):69-75. Available:https://doi.org/10.4314/rejhs.v9i1.8
Kavitha A, Suresh PJ. Evaluation of glucose oxidase and hexokinase methods. International Journal of Biotechnology & Biochemistry. 2018;14(1):51–58.
Ibanga IE, Etukudoh NS, Olumide OB, Uchejeso OM, Nwapi LL, Bwotle FY. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of bitter kola (Garcinia kola) seed extract on alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines. 2020;8:127-134. Available:https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2020.86012
Etukudoh NS, Uchejeso OM, Etim II. Bitter kola (Garcinia kola) as herbal remedy for diabetes. Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research. 2021;12:61-64. DOI: 10.9734/bpi/ctmamr/v12/6013D
Imperatore G, Mayer-Davis EJ, Orchard TJ, Zhong VW. Prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes among children and adults in the United States and comparison with non-U.S. countries. In: Cowie CC, Casagrande SS, Menke A, et al., eds. Diabetes in America, 3rd ed. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health. 2017:2-20.
Passey RB, Gillum LR, Fuller JB. Evaluation and comparison of 10 glucose methods and the reference method recommended in the proposed product class standard. Clinical Chemistry. 1977;23(1):131–139.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/23.1.131
Higgins C. Measurement of circulating glucose: The problem of inconsistent sample and methodology; 2008.
Available; http://acutecaretesting.org Accessed 14 February 2023
Stahl M, Jørgensen LG, Hyltoft PP, Brandslund I, Olivarius N, Borch-Johnsen K. Optimization of preanalytical conditions and analysis of plasma glucose. Impact of the new WHO and ADA recommendations on diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Scandinavian Journal Clinical Laboratory Investigation. 2001;61:169-79.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/003655101300133612
World Health Organization (WHO). Definition and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Intermediate Hyperglycemia: Report of a WHO/IDF Consultation. Geneva: World Health Org. 2006:1-41.
ISBN 978 92 4 159493 6
Sacks DB, et al. Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(6):e61–e99. DOI: 10.2337/dc11-9998
Uchida K, Matuse R, Toyoda E, Okuda S, Tomita S. A new method of inhibiting glycolysis in blood samples. Clinica Chimica Acta. 1988;172:101-8. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(88)90125-8
Flynn DN, Carroll C, Farren M, McKeating A, Turner MJ. Impact of implementing pre-analytical laboratory standards on the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective observational study. Clinical Chemistry. 2016;62:387-91. Available:https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2015.247478
Nwosu OK, Nwani CD. Stability of serum/plasma glucose for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Bio-Research. 2008;6(1):380–383. Available:https://doi.org/10.4314/br.v6i2.28671
Weatherspark.com. August Weather in Jos Nigeria. Available:https://weatherspark.com/m/58551/8/Average-Weather-in-August-in-Jos-Nigeria. Access on 15 February 2023
Randox Laboratories Ltd. Glucose (GLUC-PAP); 2022. Available:www.randox.com
Dharmasena IA, Deepani S, Anoja PA. Effect of sample volume variation and delay in analysis on plasma glucose concentration in Sri Lankan healthy adults. Hindawi Scientifica. 2021:1-5.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6061206
Chan AYW, Cockramj CS, Swaminathan R. Effect of delay in separating plasma for glucose measurement upon the interpretation of oral glucose tolerance tests. Ann Clin Biochem. 1990;27:73-74.
Chand B, Deepak S, Poudel SK. Effect of delayed serum separation on glucose concentration of dogs at room temperature. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Science. 2020;8(8):800-803.
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.aavs/2020/8.8.800.803
Jangam SR, Gary H, Timothy CD. Impact of glucose measurement processing delays on clinical accuracy and relevance. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology. 2013;7(3):660–668.
Mingoas JPK, Somnjom DE, Moffo F, Mfopit YM, Awah-Ndukum J. Effect of duration and storage temperature on haematological and biochemical parameters of clinically healthy Gudali Zebu in Ngaoundere, Cameroon. Singapore Journal of Scientific Research. 2020;10(2):190-196. DOI:10.3923/sjsres.2020.190.196
-
Abstract View: 33 times
PDF Download: 10 times
