Effects of Diabetes and Hypertension on Placenta
Fahmida Khatoon *
Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia and King Saud Medical City, Central Health Cluster One, Riyadh, KSA.
Reem Falah Alshammari
United Medical College, Pakistan.
Atheer Alturki
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Science, Qasim University, KSA.
Rasha Alarfaj
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Science, Qasim University, KSA.
Rania Abdeen Hussin Abdalla
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, KSA.
Abeer Hassan Elhaj
Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, KSA.
Ebtehaj Saud Almughais
Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, KSA.
Fatima Fahad Alreshidi
Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, KSA.
Rana Aboras
Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, KSA.
Amel Bakri M. Elhag
Pathology Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, KSA.
Zahid Balouch
United Medical College, Pakistan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Placental insufficiency is the failure of the placenta to supply nutrients to the fetus and remove toxic wastes; it is a common cause of intra uterine growth restriction (IUGR), fetal distress peri and postnatal mortality. Specifically gestational diabetes and hypertension during pregnancy alters placental architecture which contributes to insufficiency of the placenta. Placenta is the most accurate record of infant’s prenatal experiences. Clinical condition such as hypertension and diabetes that complicate pregnancy leads to significant structural changes in placenta, these histological changes and morphological alterations in placenta lead to insufficiency, resulting in IUGR and fetal distress. In the present study morphology of placentas collected from diabetic and hypertensive pregnancy will be observed, the histo-pathological findings will be recorded and correlated to birth weight, APGAR scores and congenital anomalies of babies and will be compared to the findings in normal placentas also. This study will be beneficial for obstetrician and pediatrician in gathering knowledge about patho genesis of placental insufficiency; it will add to the knowledge on placental morphology and will high light the abnormalities in placental anatomy.
Keywords: Placental insufficiency, congenital anomalies, toxic wastes, hypertension
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Author Biography
Fahmida Khatoon, Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia and King Saud Medical City, Central Health Cluster One, Riyadh, KSA.
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