Evaluation of Chenopodium Quinoa Extract on Diazepam Induced Memory Impairment in Animal Models
Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Page 39-52
DOI:
10.9734/jamps/2021/v23i1130270
Abstract
Aim: The present study explored the pharmacological and insilico studies of ethanolic seed extract of Chenopodium quinoa.
Materials and Methods: The screening of in vivo anti- amnesic activity of the ethanolic seed extract of Chenopodium quinoa was carried out using Actophotometer and Rotarod apparatus. The extract exhibited active constituents like myristic acid, palmitic acid, eicosadienoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, tocopherols, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, quercetin, benzoic acid, kaempferol, arachidonic acid, benzofuran and 2-bromodecanoic acid. In silico approaches like docking studies (Mcule software) and Ramchandran plot (procheck), online softwares were used in the study to establish mechanism of action of active constituents present in the extract.
Results: The extract treated groups at doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, bd.wt) showed significant anti-amnesic activity. The basal activity score in actophotometer is as an indicator for impairment of learning and memory. Fall of time by rotarod is used to evaluate learning and memory in rodent models of CNS disorders as in case of amnesia. The results revealed that quercetin, kaempferol, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stigmasterol, lenolenic acid, pentadecanoic acid, tocopherols, arachidonic acid and standard donepezil have got highest glide scores against selected Protein Data Bank (PDB ID): 1EVE, 2FY4, 7CUM and 3EJ8. According to Ramachandran plot a good quality model would be expected to have over 90% in the most favoured region. Proteins like PDB ID: 1EVE, 2FY4, 7CUM and 3EJ8 showed almost 80-90% favoured region which clearly indicates that the selected proteins in the present study are of good quality.
Conclusion: Our research unveiled that ethanolic seed extract of Chenopodium quinoa possessed significant anti- amnesic activity.
Keywords:
- Chenopodium quinoa
- Protein Data Bank (PDB)
- docking studies
- Mcule software and Ramachandran plot.
How to Cite
References
Wolkowitz M, Weingartner H, Thompson K, Pickar D, Paul SM, Hommer DW. Diazepam-induced amnesia: A neuropharmacological model of an "organic amnestic syndrome. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1987;144(1):25–29.
Prabhakar S, Vishnu VY, Modi M, Mohanty M, Sharma A, Medhi B, Mittal BR, Khandelwal N, Goyal MK, Lal V, Singla R, Kansal A, Avasthi A. Efficacy of Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) and Donepezil in Alzheimer's Disease and mild cognitive impairment: A randomized double-blind parallel Phase 2b Study. 2020;23(6):767-773.
Vega-Gálvez A, Miranda M, Vergara J, Uribe E, Puente L, Nutrition facts and functional potential of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), an ancient Andean grain: A review. J Sci Food Agric. 2010;90:2541-2547.
Jancurová M, Minarovicova L, Dandar A Quinoa - A review. Czech J Food Sci. 2009;27:71-79.
Valencia-Chamorro SA. “Quinoa,” In: B. Caballero, Ed., Encyclopedia of Food Science and Nutrition, Academic Press, Waltham. 2003;4895-4902.
Qing Wen Zhang, Li Gen Lin and Wen Cai Ye, “Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: A comprehensive review”. Chin Med. 2018; 13:20.
Raju MG, Anusha K, Suvarchala Reddy VNVL, Gayathri S, Nikitha K. GC-MS analysis, gastroprotective and in silico docking studies of phytoconstituents from Ixora Javanica Flowers. Int J Life Sci Pharma Res. 2021;11(2):98- 106.
Raju MG, Srilakshmi S. Cognitive enhancing, antiacetylcholinesterase and antioxidant properties of Tagetes erecta against diazepam induced amnesia in rodents. Int J Pharma Sci Drug Res. 2018; 10(6):474-479.
Raju MG, Srilakshmi S. Anti-Amnesic effect of methanolic extract of Tagetes erecta flower heads on Aluminium Induced Cognitive Impairment in Albino Mice. Research J Pharmacog Phytochem. 2018; 10(4):299-303.
Souza SP, Roos AA, Gindri AL, Domingues VO, Ascari J, Guerra JI. Neuroprotective effect of red quinoa seeds extract on scopolamine-induced declarative memory deficits in mice: The role of acetylcholinesterase and oxidative stress. 2020;69:103958.
Blondeau N, Lipsky RH, Bourourou M, Duncan MW, Gorelick PB, Marini AM. Alpha-linolenic acid: an omega-3 fatty acid with neuroprotective properties-ready for use in the stroke clinic? Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:519830.
Raju MG, Gouthami K, Suvarchala Reddy VNVL, Nicholas M. Anti-Amnesic effect of methanolic leaf extract of Tecoma stans: An Experimental Study in Rodents. Journal of Young Pharmacists. 2020;12(2s):s91-s96.
Scheepens JF, Frei ES and Stöcklin J. Glacial History Affected Phenotypic Differentiation in the Alpine Plant, Campanula thyrsoides. PLoS ONE. 2013; 8(10):e73854.
Darbandi N, Ramezani M, Khodagholi F, Noori M. Kaempferol promotes memory retention and density of hippocampal CA1 neurons in intra-cerebroventricular STZ-induced experimental AD model in Wistar rats. Biologija. 2016;62:157–168.
Gugliandolo, Agnese, Bramanti, Placido, Mazzon, Emanuela. Role of vitamin E in the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Evidence from animal models. International J Mol Sci. 2017;18(12).
Suvarchala Reddy V NVL, Raju MG, Goud MR, Shabnamkumari T. Neuroprotective activity of methanolic extracts of Terminala bellerica fruit against aluminium chloride and haloperidol induced amnesia in mice. J Young Pharma. 2020;12(2s):s87- s90.
Raju MG, Yadav V, Suvarchala Reddy NVL. Natural compounds as D2 receptor agonist, M4 receptor antagonist and Ach modulator: Mechanistic and in silico modeling studies. J Res Med Dental Sci. 2021;9(6):26-35.
-
Abstract View: 95 times
PDF Download: 34 times
